Construction costs

About this data

This construction cost data is derived from an annual survey of real estate projects around the UK. The survey gathers data on market conditions, construction input costs such as labour and materials and the average £/sqft for different residential construction types.

About the £/sqft figures

The headline £/sqft figures shown are the average total construction cost per square foot of internal area. The £/sqft includes all labour and material construction costs (including first and second fix) and contractor's margin and preliminaries. They do not include: land purchase costs, utility works, groundworks, site works, client direct costs and professional services fees.

These figures are approximations - the exact £/sqft for any project will depend on the specific site, project details, construction firm used and many other factors.

UK regions

National map of property construction costs in the UK

UK construction costs here are surveyed in six regions.

For the purposes of the survey, Wales in included in the 'Central' UK region.

London South Central North Scotland N. Ire

£190/sqft

House
medium standard

£332/sqft

House
prestige

£249/sqft

Flats
medium standard
+2.5%in 1 year
+4.6%in 2 years
Labour type£/hour
Group 1 Tradesman e.g. plumber, electrician44
Group 2 Tradesman e.g. carpenter, bricklayer38
Group 3 Tradesman e.g. carpet layer, tiler, plasterer35
General labourer24
Site foreman47
Material£
Concrete 30 MPa (m³)138
Concrete block (400x200) per 10001,128
Standard brick per 1000521
Other costs
Preliminaries14.0%
Contractor's margin4.2%
Hire 50t mobile crane + operator (day)£1,258

£141/sqft

House
medium standard

£240/sqft

House
prestige

£193/sqft

Flats
medium standard
+2.5%in 1 year
+4.5%in 2 years
Labour type£/hour
Group 1 Tradesman e.g. plumber, electrician39
Group 2 Tradesman e.g. carpenter, bricklayer35
Group 3 Tradesman e.g. carpet layer, tiler, plasterer34
General labourer22
Site foreman42
Material£
Concrete 30 MPa (m³)122
Concrete block (400x200) per 1000905
Standard brick per 1000475
Other costs
Preliminaries13.4%
Contractor's margin3.5%
Hire 50t mobile crane + operator (day)£1,125

£132/sqft

House
medium standard

£167/sqft

House
prestige

£164/sqft

Flats
medium standard
+2.5%in 1 year
+5.8%in 2 years
Labour type£/hour
Group 1 Tradesman e.g. plumber, electrician35
Group 2 Tradesman e.g. carpenter, bricklayer27
Group 3 Tradesman e.g. carpet layer, tiler, plasterer26
General labourer23
Site foreman35
Material£
Concrete 30 MPa (m³)94
Concrete block (400x200) per 1000800
Standard brick per 1000418
Other costs
Preliminaries8.5%
Contractor's margin5.0%
Hire 50t mobile crane + operator (day)£936

£131/sqft

House
medium standard

£161/sqft

House
prestige

£165/sqft

Flats
medium standard
+2.1%in 1 year
+4.4%in 2 years
Labour type£/hour
Group 1 Tradesman e.g. plumber, electrician35
Group 2 Tradesman e.g. carpenter, bricklayer28
Group 3 Tradesman e.g. carpet layer, tiler, plasterer27
General labourer21
Site foreman35
Material£
Concrete 30 MPa (m³)94
Concrete block (400x200) per 1000825
Standard brick per 1000462
Other costs
Preliminaries11.6%
Contractor's margin3.9%
Hire 50t mobile crane + operator (day)£950

£125/sqft

House
medium standard

£169/sqft

House
prestige

£161/sqft

Flats
medium standard
+3.1%in 1 year
+5.2%in 2 years
Labour type£/hour
Group 1 Tradesman e.g. plumber, electrician34
Group 2 Tradesman e.g. carpenter, bricklayer29
Group 3 Tradesman e.g. carpet layer, tiler, plasterer26
General labourer22
Site foreman34
Material£
Concrete 30 MPa (m³)97
Concrete block (400x200) per 1000830
Standard brick per 1000395
Other costs
Preliminaries11.0%
Contractor's margin4.5%
Hire 50t mobile crane + operator (day)£940

£102/sqft

House
medium standard

£143/sqft

House
prestige

£133/sqft

Flats
medium standard
+1.5%in 1 year
+2.0%in 2 years
Labour type£/hour
Group 1 Tradesman e.g. plumber, electrician27
Group 2 Tradesman e.g. carpenter, bricklayer23
Group 3 Tradesman e.g. carpet layer, tiler, plasterer20
General labourer16
Site foreman30
Material£
Concrete 30 MPa (m³)70
Concrete block (400x200) per 1000440
Standard brick per 1000380
Other costs
Preliminaries12.5%
Contractor's margin3.0%
Hire 50t mobile crane + operator (day)£640
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Source: Turner & Townsend More >

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Transparent data promise

Where does the raw data come from?

Property listings seen on rightmove.co.uk, zoopla.co.uk and onthemarket.com.

How often is the data updated?

The data is updated in near real-time.

What time period does the data cover?

This is a real-time market snapshot - the data covers currently listed properties. Once properties are removed from the portal, they are soon removed from this tab.

How is the raw data processed?

Duplicates from multiple sources are matched and reconciled as far as possible. Listings with obvious errors, where price or number or bedrooms appear out of range, are discarded.

What are the statistics used?

Averages shown are the interquartile mean, a type of average that is insensitive to outliers while being its own distinct parameter. The 80% range means that 80% of the listed properties fall inside this range.

Where does the raw data come from?

Property listings seen on rightmove.co.uk, zoopla.co.uk and onthemarket.com.

How do you know the square footage of properties?

We use proprietary technology to read the square footage of properties from agent floorplans. Although we cannot determine the square footage for all properties, we can usually get sufficient coverage. Agents are sometimes known to inflate square footage, and this should be borne in mind as a weakness of this data.

How often is the data updated?

The data is updated in near real-time.

What time period does the data cover?

This is a real-time market snapshot - the data covers currently listed properties. Once properties are removed from the portal, they are soon removed from this tab.

How is the raw data processed?

Duplicates from multiple sources are matched and reconciled as far as possible. Listings with obvious errors, where price or number or bedrooms appear out of range, are discarded.

What are the statistics used?

The average shown is the interquartile mean, a type of average that is insensitive to outliers while being its own distinct parameter. The 80% range means that 80% of the listed properties fall inside this range.

Where does the raw data come from?

Property "price paid" data provided by the Land Registry.

How often is the data updated?

Once per month when released by the Land Registry, typically towards the end of each calendar month covering up to the end of the previous calendar month.

What time period does the data cover?

You can customise the time period using the filter at the top of the view. The default time period is up to 9 months back from today's date. The latest data covers the period up to 2021-05-26, although some sales that took place before this date may still be added in the coming months.

How is the raw data processed?

No additional processes are applied to this data.

What are the statistics used?

Averages shown are the interquartile mean, a type of average that is insensitive to outliers while being its own distinct parameter. The 80% range means that 80% of the listed properties fall inside this range.

Where does the raw data come from?

Property "price paid" data provided by the Land Registry, and Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) data provided by Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government.

How do you know the square footage of properties?

We match the Land Registry data to EPC data provided by the MCHLG. Due to the fact that not all properties sold have had an EPC and vagaries of addressing in the UK, we are not able to determine the square footage of all properties, but we can usually get sufficient coverage.

How often is the data updated?

The private paid data is updated once per month when released by the Land Registry, typically towards the end of each calendar month covering up to the end of the previous calendar month. The energy performance certificate database is updated monthly.

What time period does the data cover?

You can customise the time period using the filter at the top of the view. The default time period is up to 9 months back from today's date. The latest data covers the period up to 2021-05-26, although some sales that took place before this date may still be added in the coming months.

How is the raw data processed?

No additional processes are applied to this data.

What are the statistics used?

The average shown is the interquartile mean, a type of average that is insensitive to outliers while being its own distinct parameter. The 80% range means that 80% of the listed properties fall inside this range.

Where does the raw data come from?

Property listings seen on rightmove.co.uk, zoopla.co.uk and onthemarket.com.

How often is the data updated?

The data is updated in near real-time.

What time period does the data cover?

This is a real-time market snapshot - the data covers currently listed properties. Once properties are removed from the portal, they are soon removed from this tab.

How is the raw data processed?

Duplicates from multiple sources are matched and reconciled as far as possible. Listings with obvious errors, where price or number or bedrooms appear out of range, are discarded.

What are the statistics used?

The average shown is the interquartile mean, a type of average that is insensitive to outliers while being its own distinct parameter. The 80% range means that 80% of the listed properties fall inside this range.

Where does the raw data come from?

Room let listings on SpareRoom, the UK's biggest room letting website.

How often is the data updated?

The data is updated in near real-time.

What time period does the data cover?

This is a real-time market snapshot - the data covers currently listed properties. Once properties are removed from SpareRoom, they are soon removed from this tab.

How is the raw data processed?

Listings with obvious errors, where price or number or bedrooms appear out of range, are discarded.

What are the statistics used?

The average shown is the interquartile mean, a type of average that is insensitive to outliers while being its own distinct parameter. The 80% range means that 80% of the listed properties fall inside this range.

Where does the raw data come from?

Property listings seen on rightmove.co.uk, zoopla.co.uk and onthemarket.com.

How often is the data updated?

The data is updated in near real-time.

What time period does the data cover?

This is a real-time market snapshot - the data covers currently listed properties. Once properties are removed from the portal, they are soon removed from this tab.

How is the raw data processed?

Duplicates from multiple sources are matched and reconciled as far as possible. Listings with obvious errors, where price or number or bedrooms appear out of range, are discarded. Yields are calculated by comparing only properties with the same number of bedrooms, e.g. 3-bedroom properties for rent with 3-bedroom properties for sale.

What is the yield calculation used?

The calculation used is (average_weekly_asking_rent * 52 / average_asking_price), expressed as a percentage. It is a top-line gross yield, meaning no expenses are considered.

What are the statistics used?

The average shown is the interquartile mean, a type of average that is insensitive to outliers while being its own distinct parameter. The 80% range means that 80% of the listed properties fall inside this range.

Where does the raw data come from?

Property listings seen on rightmove.co.uk, zoopla.co.uk and onthemarket.com.

How often is the data updated?

The data is updated in near real-time.

What time period does the data cover?

This is a real-time market snapshot - the data covers currently listed properties. Once properties are removed from Zoopla, Rightmove or Spareroom, they are soon removed from this tab.

How is the raw data processed?

Duplicates from multiple sources are matched and reconciled as far as possible. Yields are calculated by comparing only properties with the same number of bedrooms, e.g. 3-bedroom properties for rent with 3-bedroom properties for sale. For the SpareRoom data, hypothetical properties consisting of two to six average double rooms with shared bathrooms are used to derived average rent. For all sources, listings with obvious errors, where price or number or bedrooms appear out of range, are discarded.

What is the yield calculation used?

The calculation used is (average_weekly_asking_rent * 52 / average_asking_price), expressed as a percentage. It is a top-line gross yield, meaning no expenses are considered.

What are the statistics used?

The average shown is the interquartile mean, a type of average that is insensitive to outliers while being its own distinct parameter. The 80% range means that 80% of the listed properties fall inside this range.

Where does the raw data come from?

Property "price paid" data provided by the Land Registry.

How often is the data updated?

Once per month when released by the Land Registry, typically towards the end of each calendar month covering up to the end of the previous calendar month.

Zoopla Zed-index

What time period does the data cover?

The data covers transactions in the last six years

How is the raw data processed?

No additional processes are applied to this data.

What are the statistics used?

The average shown is the interquartile mean, a type of average that is insensitive to outliers while being its own distinct parameter. The 80% range means that 80% of the listed properties fall inside this range.

Where does the raw data come from?

Property listings seen on rightmove.co.uk, zoopla.co.uk and onthemarket.com.

How often is the data updated?

The listings data is updated in near real-time. The Land Registry data is updated once per month when released, typically towards the end of each calendar month covering up to the end of the previous calendar month.

What time period does the data cover?

The price paid data shown goes back to January 2015. The listings data is a real-time market snapshot - the data covers currently listed properties. Once properties are removed from the portal, they are soon removed from this tab.

How is the raw data processed?

Duplicates from multiple sources are matched and reconciled as far as possible. Listings with obvious errors, where price or number or bedrooms appear out of range, are discarded.

What are the calculations used?

Average sales per month are for the last 3 finalised months. Turnover is average sales per month divided by total for sale. Inventory is 100 divided by turnover.

Where does the raw data come from?

Property listings seen on rightmove.co.uk, zoopla.co.uk and onthemarket.com.

How often is the data updated?

The listings data is updated in near real-time. The Land Registry data is updated once per month when released, typically towards the end of each calendar month covering up to the end of the previous calendar month.

What time period does the data cover?

This is a real-time market snapshot - the data covers currently listed properties. Once properties are removed from the portal, they are soon removed from this tab.

How is the raw data processed?

Duplicates from multiple sources are matched and reconciled as far as possible. Listings with obvious errors, where price or number or bedrooms appear out of range, are discarded.

Where does the raw data come from?

We receive data on the extent and corporate ownership of all land titles in England & Wales from the Land Registry.

How often is the data updated?

The data is updated once per month when released, typically in the first few days of each calendar month.

What time period does the data cover?

This is an ownership snapshot - the data represents ownership as recorded by the Land Registry at the last monthly export.

How is the raw data processed?

No additional processes are applied to this data.

Where does the raw data come from?

The construction cost data is derived from an annual survey carried out by Turner & Townsend.

How often is the data updated?

The data is updated annually when the new cost survey data is released, typically around the middle of the year.

How is the raw data processed?

We select a subset of Turner & Townsend costs to display. No additional processes are applied to this data.

Where does the raw data come from?

We source different expert forecasts Savills, Knight Frank, OBR

How often is the data updated?

The data is updated annually when new forecasts are released, typically towards the beginning of the year.

How is the raw data processed?

We calculate a consensus forecast using a simple mean average.