All you need to know about converting office space to residential 

Across the UK housing is in high demand, while changing landscapes and new ways of working mean that many landlords are seeking alternative uses for properties that were traditionally used as commercial office space. Even before the coronavirus pandemic, an abundance of tech start-ups in the area began to eschew the traditional 9-5 office working model, instead opting for more flexible working choices. 

Now that working from home is here to stay for many businesses, commercial property owners are seeking new ways to maximise the returns on office space they have invested in. With recent changes to regulations known as Permitted Development Rights, these investors now have more support than ever.

What are permitted development rights?

Permitted Development Rights were initially introduced in 2013 to allow property owners to extend their homes or develop new spaces within existing buildings. In August 2020, changes to the PDR regulations meant that the conversion of commercial premises (such as shops or offices) to residential has become much more viable.

Can you convert office to residential?

Under PDR, converting office space to homes is allowed, provided certain regulations are met. According to PDR rules, the gross interior area of a new home must be no smaller than 37 square metres. Any development undertaken under PDR must also adhere to regulations that ensure the resulting residential dwellings receive adequate natural light. 

Some critics of office to residential conversions under PDR have complained that housing in former office buildings is often not fit for purpose. However, provided the right expertise is enlisted from the very beginning of a conversion project, there is no reason why an investor cannot deliver attractive and in-demand housing which is also profitable. 

When converting office space to homes, there are several things to consider. These include: 

  • Size: Does the development comply with space standards regulations? 
  • Light: Does the development meet basic natural light standards? 
  • Ventilation: Is the development sufficiently ventilated to meet regulations? 
  • Location: Is the development in an appropriate area, and are there any amenities nearby? 
  • Quality: Are all rooms in the development habitable?

Do you need planning permission for commercial to residential conversion?

The beauty of PDR is that in most circumstances, a developer will not require planning permission when converting office space to homes. However, developers will need to apply for what is known as ‘prior approval’. 

Before commencing any conversion project, it is good practice to ask the local authority if Article 4 (prior approval) applies to the site on which your office to residential conversion is located. Failure to do this could see your development being rejected. This would mean that you would have to formally apply for planning permission before commencing any work. 

Prior approval applications usually have a fee of £100 per dwelling, up to a maximum of £5,000. This is typically payable to your local planning authority or council. 

When submitting a prior approval application, you must include: 

  • A full, detailed set of plans 
  • A transport and highways impact survey 
  • Flood risks/contamination assessment 
  • Noise report

If you provide your local council with sufficient documentation, they cannot apply any further planning policies, and will have 56 days to come to a decision. Should no objections arise, you will be eligible to convert your office building into residential dwellings without having to formally apply for planning permission.

What is the office to residential permitted development 2021?

On March 31, 2021, the government introduced yet another new Permitted Development Right which meant that Class E buildings (Commercial, Business and Service Use class) could be converted for Class C3 (Residential) use. This new right is known as Class MA. 

These changes to PDR mean that most commercial premises can now be converted into housing. The purpose of this change is to support the delivery of new housing, regenerate the UK’s high streets and aid economic recovery post-pandemic.

Converting offices to residential: When do PDR restrictions apply?

While most commercial space can now be converted into housing, the following restrictions apply: 

  • The building must have been in Class E (Commercial, Business and Service) use for two years before qualifying for permitted development. Time served outside of Class E in other commercial use classes, such as A1 (Retail) and D1 (Non-Residential Institutions) can be counted towards this two-year period. 
  • The building must have stood vacant for at least three months before an application for prior approval is lodged. Time spent closed due to government Covid-19 restrictions will not count towards this period. 
  • PDR does not apply to listed buildings or any building listed in Article 2 of the General Permitted Development Order (National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty). All homes developed as part of the conversion must meet nationally described standards.

While the government has made office to residential conversions much simpler than before, it is nevertheless important to ensure any developments meet all required standards and regulations.

Converting office space to homes: understanding the number

PropertyData contains many resources that might help investors / developers considering converting commercial space to residential.

Our construction costs data can help you estimate how much refurbishing the space will cost, while our market-leading £/sqft data and valuation tools will help you estimate how much the resulting residential space will be worth.

Why not sign up for a free 14-day day trial to explore how we can help?

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Transparent data promise

Where does the raw data come from?

Property listings seen on rightmove.co.uk, zoopla.co.uk and onthemarket.com.

How often is the data updated?

The data is updated in near real-time.

What time period does the data cover?

This is a real-time market snapshot - the data covers currently listed properties. Once properties are removed from the portal, they are soon removed from this tab.

How is the raw data processed?

Duplicates from multiple sources are matched and reconciled as far as possible. Listings with obvious errors, where price or number or bedrooms appear out of range, are discarded.

What are the statistics used?

Averages shown are the interquartile mean, a type of average that is insensitive to outliers while being its own distinct parameter. The 80% range means that 80% of the listed properties fall inside this range.

Where does the raw data come from?

Property listings seen on rightmove.co.uk, zoopla.co.uk and onthemarket.com.

How do you know the square footage of properties?

We use proprietary technology to read the square footage of properties from agent floorplans. Although we cannot determine the square footage for all properties, we can usually get sufficient coverage. Agents are sometimes known to inflate square footage, and this should be borne in mind as a weakness of this data.

How often is the data updated?

The data is updated in near real-time.

What time period does the data cover?

This is a real-time market snapshot - the data covers currently listed properties. Once properties are removed from the portal, they are soon removed from this tab.

How is the raw data processed?

Duplicates from multiple sources are matched and reconciled as far as possible. Listings with obvious errors, where price or number or bedrooms appear out of range, are discarded.

What are the statistics used?

The average shown is the interquartile mean, a type of average that is insensitive to outliers while being its own distinct parameter. The 80% range means that 80% of the listed properties fall inside this range.

Where does the raw data come from?

Property "price paid" data provided by the Land Registry.

How often is the data updated?

Once per month when released by the Land Registry, typically towards the end of each calendar month covering up to the end of the previous calendar month.

What time period does the data cover?

You can customise the time period using the filter at the top of the view. The default time period is up to 9 months back from today's date. The latest data covers the period up to 2024-10-31, although some sales that took place before this date may still be added in the coming months.

How is the raw data processed?

No additional processes are applied to this data.

What are the statistics used?

Averages shown are the interquartile mean, a type of average that is insensitive to outliers while being its own distinct parameter. The 80% range means that 80% of the listed properties fall inside this range.

Where does the raw data come from?

Property "price paid" data provided by the Land Registry, and Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) data provided by Department for Levelling Up, Housing & Communities.

How do you know the square footage of properties?

We match the Land Registry data to EPC data provided by the Department for Levelling Up, Housing & Communities. Due to the fact that not all properties sold have had an EPC and vagaries of addressing in the UK, we are not able to determine the square footage of all properties, but we can usually get sufficient coverage.

How often is the data updated?

The private paid data is updated once per month when released by the Land Registry, typically towards the end of each calendar month covering up to the end of the previous calendar month. The energy performance certificate database is updated monthly.

What time period does the data cover?

You can customise the time period using the filter at the top of the view. The default time period is up to 9 months back from today's date. The latest data covers the period up to 2024-10-31, although some sales that took place before this date may still be added in the coming months.

How is the raw data processed?

No additional processes are applied to this data.

What are the statistics used?

The average shown is the interquartile mean, a type of average that is insensitive to outliers while being its own distinct parameter. The 80% range means that 80% of the listed properties fall inside this range.

Where does the raw data come from?

Property listings seen on rightmove.co.uk, zoopla.co.uk and onthemarket.com.

How often is the data updated?

The data is updated in near real-time.

What time period does the data cover?

This is a real-time market snapshot - the data covers currently listed properties. Once properties are removed from the portal, they are soon removed from this tab.

How is the raw data processed?

Duplicates from multiple sources are matched and reconciled as far as possible. Listings with obvious errors, where price or number or bedrooms appear out of range, are discarded.

What are the statistics used?

The average shown is the interquartile mean, a type of average that is insensitive to outliers while being its own distinct parameter. The 80% range means that 80% of the listed properties fall inside this range.

Where does the raw data come from?

Room let listings on SpareRoom, the UK's biggest room letting website.

How often is the data updated?

The data is updated in near real-time.

What time period does the data cover?

This is a real-time market snapshot - the data covers currently listed properties. Once properties are removed from SpareRoom, they are soon removed from this tab.

How is the raw data processed?

Listings with obvious errors, where price or number or bedrooms appear out of range, are discarded.

What are the statistics used?

The average shown is the interquartile mean, a type of average that is insensitive to outliers while being its own distinct parameter. The 80% range means that 80% of the listed properties fall inside this range.

Where does the raw data come from?

Property listings seen on rightmove.co.uk, zoopla.co.uk and onthemarket.com.

How often is the data updated?

The data is updated in near real-time.

What time period does the data cover?

This is a real-time market snapshot - the data covers currently listed properties. Once properties are removed from the portal, they are soon removed from this tab.

How is the raw data processed?

Duplicates from multiple sources are matched and reconciled as far as possible. Listings with obvious errors, where price or number or bedrooms appear out of range, are discarded. Yields are calculated by comparing only properties with the same number of bedrooms, e.g. 3-bedroom properties for rent with 3-bedroom properties for sale.

What is the yield calculation used?

The calculation used is (average_weekly_asking_rent * 52 / average_asking_price), expressed as a percentage. It is a top-line gross yield, meaning no expenses are considered.

What are the statistics used?

The average shown is the interquartile mean, a type of average that is insensitive to outliers while being its own distinct parameter. The 80% range means that 80% of the listed properties fall inside this range.

Where does the raw data come from?

Property listings seen on rightmove.co.uk, zoopla.co.uk and onthemarket.com.

How often is the data updated?

The data is updated in near real-time.

What time period does the data cover?

This is a real-time market snapshot - the data covers currently listed properties. Once properties are removed from Zoopla, Rightmove or Spareroom, they are soon removed from this tab.

How is the raw data processed?

Duplicates from multiple sources are matched and reconciled as far as possible. Yields are calculated by comparing only properties with the same number of bedrooms, e.g. 3-bedroom properties for rent with 3-bedroom properties for sale. For the SpareRoom data, hypothetical properties consisting of two to six average double rooms with shared bathrooms are used to derived average rent. For all sources, listings with obvious errors, where price or number or bedrooms appear out of range, are discarded.

What is the yield calculation used?

The calculation used is (average_weekly_asking_rent * 52 / average_asking_price), expressed as a percentage. It is a top-line gross yield, meaning no expenses are considered.

What are the statistics used?

The average shown is the interquartile mean, a type of average that is insensitive to outliers while being its own distinct parameter. The 80% range means that 80% of the listed properties fall inside this range.

Where does the raw data come from?

Property "price paid" data provided by the Land Registry.

How often is the data updated?

Once per month when released by the Land Registry, typically towards the end of each calendar month covering up to the end of the previous calendar month.

Zoopla Zed-index

What time period does the data cover?

The data covers transactions in the last six years

How is the raw data processed?

No additional processes are applied to this data.

What are the statistics used?

The average shown is the interquartile mean, a type of average that is insensitive to outliers while being its own distinct parameter. The 80% range means that 80% of the listed properties fall inside this range.

Where does the raw data come from?

Property listings seen on rightmove.co.uk, zoopla.co.uk and onthemarket.com.

How often is the data updated?

The listings data is updated in near real-time. The Land Registry data is updated once per month when released, typically towards the end of each calendar month covering up to the end of the previous calendar month.

What time period does the data cover?

The price paid data shown goes back to January 2015. The listings data is a real-time market snapshot - the data covers currently listed properties. Once properties are removed from the portal, they are soon removed from this tab.

How is the raw data processed?

Duplicates from multiple sources are matched and reconciled as far as possible. Listings with obvious errors, where price or number or bedrooms appear out of range, are discarded.

What are the calculations used?

Average sales per month are for the last 3 finalised months. Turnover is average sales per month divided by total for sale. Inventory is 100 divided by turnover.

Where does the raw data come from?

Property listings seen on rightmove.co.uk, zoopla.co.uk and onthemarket.com.

How often is the data updated?

The listings data is updated in near real-time. The Land Registry data is updated once per month when released, typically towards the end of each calendar month covering up to the end of the previous calendar month.

What time period does the data cover?

This is a real-time market snapshot - the data covers currently listed properties. Once properties are removed from the portal, they are soon removed from this tab.

How is the raw data processed?

Duplicates from multiple sources are matched and reconciled as far as possible. Listings with obvious errors, where price or number or bedrooms appear out of range, are discarded.

Where does the raw data come from?

We receive data on the extent and corporate ownership of all land titles in England & Wales from the Land Registry.

How often is the data updated?

The data is updated once per month when released, typically in the first few days of each calendar month.

What time period does the data cover?

This is an ownership snapshot - the data represents ownership as recorded by the Land Registry at the last monthly export.

How is the raw data processed?

No additional processes are applied to this data.

Where does the raw data come from?

We source different expert forecasts Savills, Knight Frank, OBR

How often is the data updated?

The data is updated annually when new forecasts are released, typically towards the beginning of the year.

How is the raw data processed?

We calculate a consensus forecast using a simple mean average.